An elderly patient with a history of heart disease is diagnosed with acute pulmonary edema. Which treatment is indicated?

In the case of acute pulmonary edema, the primary goal of treatment is to rapidly reduce fluid overload and alleviate symptoms. Furosemide, a loop diuretic, is particularly effective in this context because it promotes diuresis, which helps to eliminate excess fluid from the body. This is crucial for patients experiencing pulmonary edema as it can lead to improved respiratory function by reducing the volume of fluid in the lungs.

Furosemide works by inhibiting sodium and chloride reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle, leading to increased urine production. This mechanism is beneficial for patients with heart disease, where fluid retention can exacerbate the condition and lead to complications such as heart failure.

In elderly patients, careful monitoring is essential due to potential electrolyte imbalances and the risk of dehydration, but the rapid action of furosemide makes it a first-line treatment in acute situations of pulmonary edema. Other treatment options might play roles in the management of heart failure or fluid balance but are not as immediate in their effectiveness for acute pulmonary edema.