What is a potential complication of phenytoin therapy?

Phenytoin therapy can lead to gingival hyperplasia, which is a condition characterized by the enlarged growth of gum tissue. This side effect is significant because it is often dose-dependent, meaning the likelihood of developing gingival hyperplasia increases with higher doses of phenytoin. The mechanism for this complication is thought to involve the drug's effect on fibroblast and epithelial cell proliferation in the gums. It can be concerning not only due to the discomfort and potential for infection it may cause but also because it may impact the patient’s oral hygiene and overall dental health.

Proper dental care and regular check-ups are essential for patients on phenytoin to help manage or prevent this complication. Monitoring and dose adjustments may also be necessary to mitigate the risk of developing this condition. This side effect underscores the importance of patient education regarding oral hygiene practices when initiating phenytoin therapy.