What is the effect of β-blockers on peripheral vascular resistance during short-term use?

When considering the effect of β-blockers on peripheral vascular resistance during short-term use, the correct response focuses on the mechanism of action of these medications. β-blockers primarily work by blocking the action of catecholamines, specifically epinephrine and norepinephrine, on β-adrenergic receptors.

In the short-term, β-blockers can lead to a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance. This occurs because the blockade of β1 and β2 receptors reduces vasoconstriction mediated by sympathetic nervous activity. While the primary action of β-blockers is to lower heart rate and reduce cardiac output, their impact on vascular smooth muscle promotes vasodilation in some vascular beds. This vasodilatory effect, particularly through the β2 receptor activation, results in a reduction of peripheral vascular resistance, which is critical in managing conditions like hypertension and heart failure.

In summary, the accurate portrayal of β-blockers in the context of peripheral vascular resistance highlights their ability to facilitate vasorelaxation, thus decreasing resistance in the short term.