What is the major effect of glucocorticoids on the immune system?

Glucocorticoids primarily exert their influence on the immune system by suppressing inflammation. These steroid hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex and play a critical role in regulating various physiological processes, including immune responses. When inflammation occurs, glucocorticoids are released, leading to the inhibition of many inflammatory mediators and processes.

The suppression of inflammation is achieved through several mechanisms. Glucocorticoids inhibit the production of cytokines, which are signaling molecules that promote inflammation. They also decrease the activity and proliferation of T cells and B cells, and limit the function of other immune cells such as macrophages, thereby reducing the overall inflammatory response. This immunosuppressive effect is particularly beneficial in conditions where an overactive immune response can lead to tissue damage, such as in autoimmune diseases or allergic reactions.

Understanding the role of glucocorticoids in inflammation and the immune response is essential for recognizing how these medications are utilized in clinical settings to manage conditions characterized by excessive inflammation.