Which agent is considered the best treatment for antipsychotic-induced akathisia?

Propranolol is considered the best treatment for antipsychotic-induced akathisia due to its efficacy in alleviating the symptoms associated with this condition. Akathisia is a movement disorder characterized by an inner sense of restlessness and a compelling need to be in constant motion. It frequently occurs as a side effect of antipsychotic medications, particularly those that block dopamine receptors in the brain.

Propranolol, a non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist, has been shown to effectively reduce the symptoms of akathisia by modulating the activity of the neurotransmitter systems involved in restlessness. Its use can help alleviate the subjective feelings of anxiety and agitation that accompany akathisia, making it a preferred choice for management.

In contrast, other agents like benztropine are more commonly used for treating extrapyramidal symptoms related to dopamine blockade, such as tremors or rigidity, rather than the specific symptoms of akathisia. Dantrolene is primarily used for treating muscle spasticity and malignant hyperthermia but does not address the underlying mechanisms of akathisia. Bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist, is not typically used for treating akathisia due to its potential to exacerbate symptoms caused