Which approach involves using a polyethylene glycol solution for gastrointestinal decontamination?

The approach that involves using a polyethylene glycol solution for gastrointestinal decontamination is whole bowel irrigation. This method is specifically designed for the rapid clearance of ingested substances, particularly when a large amount of a substance has been ingested, and other decontamination methods, such as activated charcoal, are not suitable or effective.

Whole bowel irrigation utilizes a polyethylene glycol solution to create a high-volume, isotonic solution that facilitates the flushing of the gastrointestinal tract. By administering this solution orally or via a nasogastric tube, it helps to dilute and expel the ingested material effectively, minimizing the potential for systemic absorption of toxic substances. This technique is especially useful for substances that are not well adsorbed by activated charcoal or those that may cause bowel obstruction.

In contrast, the other methods listed do not involve polyethylene glycol solutions. Activated charcoal therapy involves administering activated charcoal to adsorb toxins and reduce their absorption but does not flush the gastrointestinal system. Urinary alkalinization and urinary acidification are methods aimed at altering the urine pH to enhance the excretion of specific toxins but do not pertain to gastrointestinal decontamination.