Which drug is typically used as a first-line treatment in cases of diabetes insipidus?

Desmopressin is the first-line treatment for diabetes insipidus, particularly for the central form of the condition. This synthetic analogue of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) functions by enhancing water reabsorption in the kidneys, thereby reducing urine output and alleviating the symptoms associated with excessive urination and thirst that characterize diabetes insipidus. Its mechanism of action specifically addresses the deficiency of vasopressin, which is found in patients with central diabetes insipidus.

Other medications mentioned are not used for diabetes insipidus. Lanreotide is a somatostatin analogue primarily used in the treatment of acromegaly and certain types of neuroendocrine tumors. Choriogonadotropin alfa is used in fertility treatments and has no role in managing diabetes insipidus. Metoprolol, a beta-blocker, is indicated for conditions like hypertension and heart disease, not for diabetes insipidus. This highlights the targeted and specific therapeutic role of desmopressin in managing the condition effectively.