Which of the following is effective for treating stable angina?

All of the listed options are effective treatments for stable angina.

Short-acting nitrates are commonly used for immediate relief of angina attacks by dilating blood vessels, which increases blood flow to the heart and decreases myocardial oxygen demand. They provide quick relief but are not typically used for long-term management.

Long-acting nitrates provide a sustained effect over a longer period, reducing the frequency and severity of angina episodes. They help manage stable angina by preventing chest pain during activities known to provoke it.

Calcium channel blockers are effective as they reduce heart contractility and help ease the workload on the heart. They dilate blood vessels, which can also lead to decreased oxygen demand and improved blood flow to myocardial tissue.

The combination of these treatments allows clinicians to tailor therapy to individual patient needs, addressing both immediate symptoms and long-term management of stable angina. Therefore, using all of these options as part of a comprehensive treatment strategy can enhance therapeutic outcomes for patients.